12/4/2023 0 Comments Boxer property![]() Though the Boxer movement would originate in Shandong and Hebei intent on lessening governmental influence throughout China by means of violence, the group would quickly include its directive to attempt to eliminate all foreign influence also, which was considered at the time to have already penetrated the imperial government. In 1779, the Qing government already investigated rumours according to which a man named Yang practised this martial arts style in Guan County, Shandong, though state authorities were unable to confirm this at the time. Yi-he boxing, as it was later practised by the Fists of Harmony and Justice, long predated the movement. These groups often took advantage, through armed members, of the lack of imperial order in many areas of China, along with rampant corruption that enabled the societies to function even in well-controlled areas. Origins ĭuring the rule of the Qing dynasty, non-state secret societies, such as the Big Swords Society or the White Lotus Society, often exerted significant influence and force. The group is also sometimes known in English by any one of its Chinese names, with more recent publications tending to use Pinyin, and older publications using Wade–Giles or other systems. In more recent English publications, the name of the group from 1899, variously translated as "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" or " Fists of Harmony and Justice" ( 義和拳 义和拳 Yìhéquán I-Ho Ch'üan), tends to be used over the yìhétuán-based name. ![]() During 1898, the group was known as the Plum Blossom Fists ( 梅花拳 Méihuāquán Mei-Hua Ch'üan), though this name would not be used into 1899 and after. This is later clarified in a follow-up report to have been a mistake, and that the actual name is in fact " League of Harmony and Justice" ( 義和團 义和团 Yìhétuán I-Ho T'uan), alternatively translated as " Militia United in Righteousness". Though the group had existed since the mid-1880s, it was first reported externally as the "National Righteousness Group" ( 義民會 义民会 Yìmínhuì I-Min Hui) in an 1899 Qing report intent on solving disturbances in the Shandong and Zhili Provinces. In the English speaking world, the group came to be known as the "Boxers", due to its members' practice of Chinese martial arts, at the time called "Chinese boxing". They then supported the Empress Dowager in resisting the resulting foreign invasion, which all but destroyed the group and ended the Rebellion, though some members continued in other groups across China. In the summer of 1900, groups of Boxer fighters destroyed foreign owned property, such as railroads and telegraphs, and murdered Christian missionaries and Chinese Christians. They originally attacked the Qing government, but soon called upon it to resist foreign influence. ![]() The movement was made up of independent local village groups, many of which kept their membership secret, making the total number of participants difficult to estimate, but it may have included as many as 100,000. The Boxers, officially known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists ( Chinese: 義和拳 义和拳 Yìhéquán I-Ho Ch'üan) among other names, were a Chinese secret society based in Northern China that carried out the Boxer Rebellion from 1899 to 1901. Righteous and Harmonious Fists (1899–1901)Ĭaptured Boxer fighters during the Boxer Rebellion in Tianjin (1901).
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